Hindustani language - Wikipedia. This article is about the language historically known as Hindustani, Hindi or Urdu. For Modern Standard Hindi, see Hindi. For Modern Standard Urdu, see Urdu. Hindustani. Hindi- Urdu. Native to. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help: IPA. Hindustani (Hindustani: . Hindustani is also spoken by a small number of people in Mauritius and South Africa. Hindustani is the third most- spoken language in the world, after Mandarin and English. The basis in general for the introduction of Persian language into the subcontinent was set, from its earliest days, by various Persianised Central Asian Turkic and Afghan dynasties. The term Hindustani (literally . The more highly Persianised version later established as a language of the court was called Rekhta, or . Written in the Perso- Arabic Script or Devanagari script. Its development was centred on the poets of the Mughal courts of cities in Uttar Pradesh such as Delhi, Lucknow, and Agra. John Fletcher Hurst in his book published in 1. Hindustani or Camp language or Language of the Camps of Moughal courts at Delhi was not regarded by philologists as distinct language but only as a dialect of Hindi with admixture of Persian. He continued: . It is linguistic result of Mohammedan invasions of eleventh & twelfth centuries and is spoken (except in rural Bengal ) by many Hindus in North India and by Musalman population in all parts of India. Next to English it was the official language of British Indian Empire, was commonly written in Arabic or Persian characters, and was spoken by approximately 1. They developed it as the language of administration of British India. However, with independence, use of the word 'Hindustani' declined, being largely replaced by 'Hindi' and 'Urdu', or 'Hindi- Urdu' when either of those was too specific. More recently, the word 'Hindustani' has been used for the colloquial language of Bollywood films, which are popular in both India and Pakistan and which cannot be unambiguously identified as either Hindi or Urdu. Modern Standard Hindi. Many scholars today employ a Sanskritised form of Hindi developed primarily in Varanasi, the Hindu holy city, which is based on the Eastern Hindi dialect of that region and thus a separate language from official Standard Hindi. It is a living language, still prevalent all over the Deccan Plateau. Note that the term . The term used to refer to it is . One could conceive of a wide spectrum of dialects and registers, with the highly Persianised Urdu at one end of the spectrum and a heavily Sanskrit- based dialect, spoken in the region around Varanasi, at the other end of the spectrum. In common usage in India, the term . Thus, the different meanings of the word . ![]() It is also an official language in the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir, National Capital Territory of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Telangana that have significant Muslim populations. Bazaar Hindustani. This meaning is reflected in the use of the term . Thus, the Webster's New World Dictionary defines the term Hindustani as the principal dialect of Hindi/Urdu, used as a trade language throughout north India and Pakistan. Hindi and Urdu. The grammar and base vocabulary (most pronouns, verbs, adpositions, etc.) of both Hindi and Urdu, however, are the same and derive from a Prakritic base, and both have a heavy Persian influence. The standardised registers Hindi and Urdu are collectively known as . Hindustani is perhaps the lingua franca of the north and west of the Indian subcontinent, though it is understood fairly well in other regions also, especially in the urban areas. A common vernacular sharing characteristics with Sanskritised Hindi, regional Hindi and Urdu, Hindustani is more commonly used as a vernacular than highly Sanskritised Hindi or highly Arabicised/Persianised Urdu. This can be seen in the popular culture of Bollywood or, more generally, the vernacular of North Indians and Pakistanis, which generally employs a lexicon common to both . Minor subtleties in region will also affect the 'brand' of Hindustani, sometimes pushing the Hindustani closer to Urdu or to Hindi. One might reasonably assume that the Hindustani spoken in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (known for its usage of Urdu) and Varanasi (a holy city for Hindus and thus using highly Sanskritised Hindi) is somewhat different. Amir Khusro ca. 1. Dahlavi ('of Delhi') or Hindavi (. During this period, Hindustani was used by Sufis in promulgating their message across the Indian subcontinent. ![]() Rekhta ('mixture') and Hindi (of 'Hindustan'). The name 'Urd. 3. In this context, . At the same time, however, the definitive text of Federal laws is officially the English text and proceedings in the higher appellate courts must be conducted in English. ![]() Discover surprising and revealing facts about Urdu, including Urdu words used in the English language and Urdu jokes and quotes.Useful Urdu phrases. A collection of useful phrases in Urdu. Click on any of the phrases that are links (blue) to hear them spoken. If you can provide recordings. First Online English to Urdu dictionary where users can view Urdu meanings in Urdu font. This dictionary also provides English to Urdu, Urdu to English word search. Pakistan is dropping English as its official language and switching to Urdu, a popular language in the Indian subcontinent. INDIAN HISTORY - Civilization, Presidents, Prime ministers & states in India. ![]() At the state level, Hindi is one of the official languages in 9 of the 2. Indian states and three Union Territories (namely Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, and Haryana and UTs are Delhi, Chandigarh, Andaman and Nicobar Islands). In the remaining states Hindi is not an official language. In the state of Tamil Nadu studying Hindi is not compulsory in the state curriculum. However an option to take the same as second or third language does exist. In many other states, studying Hindi is usually compulsory in the school curriculum as a third language (the first two languages being the state's official language and English), though the intensiveness of Hindi in the curriculum varies. Although the government school system in most other states emphasises Modern Standard Hindi, at universities in cities such as Lucknow, Aligarh and Hyderabad, Urdu is spoken and learnt, and Saaf Urdu is treated with just as much respect as Shuddha Hindi. Urdu is also the national language of Pakistan, where it shares official language status with English. Although English is used in most elite circles and Punjabi is the native language of the majority of the population, Urdu is the lingua franca. Many older Burmese, particularly the Anglo- Indians and Anglo- Burmese of the country, still know it, although it has had no official status in the country since military rule. Hindustani is also spoken in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, where migrant workers from various countries live and work for several years. Phonology. In India, the Hindi register is officially written in Devanagari (a relative of Kaithi), and Urdu in Perso- Arabic script Nastaliq, to the extent that these standards are partly defined by their script. However, in popular publications in India, Urdu is also written in Devanagari script, with slight variations to establish a Devanagari Urdu alphabet alongside the Devanagari Hindi alphabet. Urdu alphabet. Letter. Name of letter. Transcription. IPA. This adaptation is called Roman Urdu or Romanised Hindi, depending upon the register used. Because the Bollywood film industry is a major proponent of the Latin script, the use of Latin script to write in Hindi and Urdu is growing amongst younger Internet users. Because this is a formal legal text, differences in formal vocabulary are maximised. Formal Hindi. Them to reason and conscience's endowment acquired is and always them to brotherhood's spirit with behaviour to do should. Translation (grammatical): Article 1—All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Formal Urdu. Isli’e unhe. To them conscience and intellect endowed is. Therefore, they one another's with brotherhood's treatment do must. Translation (grammatical): Article 1—All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience. Therefore, they should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Hindustani and Bollywood. The use of Urdu or Hindi in films depends on the film's context: historical films set in the Delhi Sultanate or Mughal Empire are almost entirely in Urdu, whereas films based on Hindu mythology make heavy use of Hindi with Sanskrit vocabulary. Urdu films and Lollywood. Urdu languages have seen a surge throughout Pakistan specifically Karachi, with new age films, and to a lesser extent in Islamabad and Lahore. See also. Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. Archived from the original(PDF) on 8 July 2. Retrieved 2. 7 November 2. Urdu L1: 6. 8. 6 million (2. L2: 9. 4 million (1. Ethnologue 1. 9. Hindi at Ethnologue (1. Urdu at Ethnologue (1. Takkar, Gaurav. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. Source: Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction^. Glottolog 2. 7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. North Carolina State University. Retrieved 2. 00. 9- 0. Hindustani is the lingua franca of both India and Pakistan .. Hapke (2. 00. 5), World Regional Geography: Global Patterns, Local Lives, Macmillan, ISBN 0- 7. By the time of British colonialism, Hindustani was the lingua franca of all of northern India and what is today Pakistan .. For new terms it can draw at will upon the Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Sanskrit dictionaries .. If a language is to be strong and virile it must draw on both sources, just as English has drawn on Latin and Teutonic sources .. Nunley; Severin M. Roberts; George W. Wubrick; Daniel L. Roy (1. 99. 9), The Cultural Landscape an Introduction to Human Geography, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0- 1. Hindustani is the basis for both languages .. Indo- European Language and Culture An Introduction, Second edition. John Wiley & Sons, 2. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 4. Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2. 00. 5. Columbia University press. Pakistan Official Language: Urdu to Replace English. Pakistan is dropping English as its official language and switching to Urdu, a popular language in the Indian subcontinent. The long- rumored change was confirmed by Pakistani Minister of Planning, National Reforms, and Development Ahsan Iqbal in an exclusive interview with TIME. Iqbal said the change was being made because of a court directive. The Pakistani constitution, which was passed in 1. Urdu the national language within 1. Still, Iqbal said the country is not entirely abandoning English, which will still be taught alongside Urdu in schools.“It means Urdu will be a second medium of language and all official business will be bilingual,” he said. Some Pakistanis fear that the move is part of an official backlash against the younger generation, which has been more open to Western culture. But Iqbal argued that the move would help make Pakistan more democratic, since it will “help provide greater participation to people who don’t know English, hence making the government more inclusive.”Urdu is just one of a number of languages spoken in Pakistan, but it retains a cultural cachet as the language of movies and music as well as the Islamic religion, while English has been more popular among elites and government ministries. According to the CIA Factbook, nearly half of Pakistanis speak Punjabi, the language of the Punjab region, while only 8% speak Urdu. Several other languages are spoken by a fraction of the population. The decision to break away from English creates a stark contrast with Pakistan’s neighbor and longtime rival India. English was the official language of the area that now comprises both countries under British rule, which ended in 1. Despite a similar language clause in its constitution, India continues to use both English and Hindi as its official languages.
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